大数据应用常用打包方式
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| ## 十三、公共基础知识 | ||||
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| 1. 大数据应用打包方式 | ||||
| 1. [大数据应用常用打包方式](https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/notes/大数据应用常用打包方式.md) | ||||
| 2. 大数据常用文件格式 | ||||
							
								
								
									
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| # 大数据应用常用打包方式 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 一、简介 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 在提交大数据作业到集群中运行时,通常都需要先将项目打成Jar包。Java项目通常都采用Maven进行构建,常用的打包方式有以下三种: | ||||
|  | ||||
| - 第一种:不加任何插件,直接使用mvn package打包; | ||||
| - 第二种:使用maven-assembly-plugin插件进行打包; | ||||
| - 第三种:使用maven-shade-plugin插件进行打包。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 以下分别进行详细的说明。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 二、mvn package | ||||
|  | ||||
| 不在POM中配置任何插件,直接使用`mvn package`进行项目打包,这对于没有使用外部依赖包的项目是可行的。但如果项目中使用了第三方JAR包,就会出现问题,因为`mvn package`打的Jar包中是不含有依赖包,会导致作业运行时出现找不到第三方依赖的异常。这种方式局限性比较大,因为实际的项目往往很复杂,通常都会依赖第三方Jar。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 大数据框架的开发者也考虑到这个问题,所以基本所有的框架都支持在提交作业时使用`--jars`指定第三方依赖包,但是这种方式的问题同样很明显,就是你必须保持生产环境与开发环境中的所有Jar包版本一致,这是有维护成本的。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 基于上面这些原因,最简单的是采用`All In One`的打包方式,把所有依赖都打包到一个Jar文件中,此时对环境的依赖性最小。要实现这个目的,可以使用Maven提供的`maven-assembly-plugin`或`maven-shade-plugin`插件。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 三、maven-assembly-plugin插件 | ||||
|  | ||||
| `Assembly`插件支持将项目的所有依赖、文件都打包到同一个输出文件中。目前支持输出以下文件类型: | ||||
|  | ||||
| - zip | ||||
| - tar | ||||
| - tar.gz (or tgz) | ||||
| - tar.bz2 (or tbz2) | ||||
| - tar.snappy | ||||
| - tar.xz (or txz) | ||||
| - jar | ||||
| - dir | ||||
| - war | ||||
|  | ||||
| ### 3.1 基本使用 | ||||
| 在POM.xml中引入插件,指定打包格式的配置文件`assembly.xml`(名称可自定义),并指定作业的主入口类。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```xml | ||||
| <build> | ||||
|     <plugins> | ||||
|         <plugin> | ||||
|             <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> | ||||
|             <configuration> | ||||
|                 <descriptors> | ||||
|                     <descriptor>src/main/resources/assembly.xml</descriptor> | ||||
|                 </descriptors> | ||||
|                 <archive> | ||||
|                     <manifest> | ||||
|                         <mainClass>com.heibaiying.wordcount.ClusterWordCountApp</mainClass> | ||||
|                     </manifest> | ||||
|                 </archive> | ||||
|             </configuration> | ||||
|         </plugin> | ||||
|     </plugins> | ||||
| </build> | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| assembly.xml文件内容如下: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```xml | ||||
| <assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0" | ||||
|           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" | ||||
|           xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0  | ||||
|                               http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd"> | ||||
|      | ||||
|     <id>jar-with-dependencies</id> | ||||
|  | ||||
|     <!--指明打包方式--> | ||||
|     <formats> | ||||
|         <format>jar</format> | ||||
|     </formats> | ||||
|  | ||||
|     <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory> | ||||
|     <dependencySets> | ||||
|         <dependencySet> | ||||
|             <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory> | ||||
|             <useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact> | ||||
|             <unpack>true</unpack> | ||||
|             <scope>runtime</scope> | ||||
|             <!--这里以排除storm环境中已经提供的storm-core为例,演示排除Jar包--> | ||||
|             <excludes> | ||||
|                 <exclude>org.apache.storm:storm-core</exclude> | ||||
|             </excludes> | ||||
|         </dependencySet> | ||||
|     </dependencySets> | ||||
| </assembly> | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| ### 3.2  打包命令 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 采用maven-assembly-plugin进行打包时命令如下: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```shell | ||||
| # mvn assembly:assembly  | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 打包后会同时生成两个JAR包,其中后缀为`jar-with-dependencies`是含有第三方依赖的JAR包,后缀是由`assembly.xml`中`<id>`标签指定的,可以自定义修改。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| <div align="center"> <img  src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-jar.png"/> </div> | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 四、maven-shade-plugin插件 | ||||
|  | ||||
| `maven-shade-plugin`比`maven-assembly-plugin`功能更丰富,比如你的工程依赖很多的JAR包,而被依赖的JAR又会依赖其他的JAR包,这样,当工程中依赖到不同的版本的 JAR时,并且JAR中具有相同名称的资源文件时,shade插件会尝试将所有资源文件打包在一起时,而不是和assembly一样执行覆盖操作。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ### 4.1  基本配置 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 采用`maven-shade-plugin`进行打包时候,配置示例如下: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```xml | ||||
| <plugin> | ||||
|     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> | ||||
|     <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId> | ||||
|     <configuration> | ||||
|         <createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom> | ||||
|         <filters> | ||||
|             <filter> | ||||
|                 <artifact>*:*</artifact> | ||||
|                 <excludes> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.sf</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.dsa</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.rsa</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.EC</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/*.ec</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/MSFTSIG.SF</exclude> | ||||
|                     <exclude>META-INF/MSFTSIG.RSA</exclude> | ||||
|                 </excludes> | ||||
|             </filter> | ||||
|         </filters> | ||||
|         <artifactSet> | ||||
|             <excludes> | ||||
|                 <exclude>org.apache.storm:storm-core</exclude> | ||||
|             </excludes> | ||||
|         </artifactSet> | ||||
|     </configuration> | ||||
|     <executions> | ||||
|         <execution> | ||||
|             <phase>package</phase> | ||||
|             <goals> | ||||
|                 <goal>shade</goal> | ||||
|             </goals> | ||||
|             <configuration> | ||||
|                 <transformers> | ||||
|                     <transformer | ||||
|                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/> | ||||
|                     <transformer | ||||
|                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer"> | ||||
|                     </transformer> | ||||
|                 </transformers> | ||||
|             </configuration> | ||||
|         </execution> | ||||
|     </executions> | ||||
| </plugin> | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 以上配置来源于Storm的Github仓库,在上面的配置中,排除了部分文件,这是因为有些JAR包生成时,会使用jarsigner生成文件签名(完成性校验),分为两个文件存放在META-INF目录下: | ||||
|  | ||||
| - a signature file, with a .SF extension; | ||||
| - a signature block file, with a .DSA, .RSA, or .EC extension; | ||||
|  | ||||
| 如果某些包的存在重复引用,这可能会导致在打包时候出现`Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes`异常,所以在配置中排除这些文件。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ### 4.2 打包命令 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 使用maven-shade-plugin进行打包的时候,打包命令和普通打包一样: | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```shell | ||||
| # mvn package | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| 打包后会生成两个JAR包,提交到服务器集群时使用非original开头的Jar。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| <div align="center"> <img  src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-jar2.png"/> </div> | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 五、使用非Maven仓库中的Jar | ||||
|  | ||||
| 通常上面两种打包能够满足大多数的使用场景。但是如果你想把某些没有被Maven管理Jar包打入到最终的Jar中,比如你在`resources/lib`下引入的其他非Maven仓库中的Jar,此时可以使用`maven-jar-plugin`和`maven-dependency-plugin`插件将其打入最终的Jar中。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ```xml | ||||
| <build> | ||||
|     <plugins> | ||||
|         <plugin> | ||||
|             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> | ||||
|             <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId> | ||||
|             <configuration> | ||||
|                 <archive> | ||||
|                     <manifest> | ||||
|                         <addClasspath>true</addClasspath> | ||||
|                           <!--指定resources/lib目录--> | ||||
|                         <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix> | ||||
|                           <!--应用的主入口类--> | ||||
|                         <mainClass>com.heibaiying.BigDataApp</mainClass> | ||||
|                     </manifest> | ||||
|                 </archive> | ||||
|             </configuration> | ||||
|         </plugin> | ||||
|         <plugin> | ||||
|             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> | ||||
|             <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId> | ||||
|             <executions> | ||||
|                 <execution> | ||||
|                     <id>copy</id> | ||||
|                     <phase>compile</phase> | ||||
|                     <goals> | ||||
|                          <!--将resources/lib目录所有Jar包打进最终的依赖中--> | ||||
|                         <goal>copy-dependencies</goal> | ||||
|                     </goals> | ||||
|                     <configuration> | ||||
|                          <!--将resources/lib目录所有Jar包一并拷贝到输出目录的lib目录下--> | ||||
|                         <outputDirectory> | ||||
|                             ${project.build.directory}/lib | ||||
|                         </outputDirectory> | ||||
|                     </configuration> | ||||
|                 </execution> | ||||
|             </executions> | ||||
|         </plugin> | ||||
|     </plugins> | ||||
| </build> | ||||
| ``` | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 六、排除集群中已经存在的Jar | ||||
|  | ||||
| 为了避免冲突通常官方文档通常都会建议你排除集群中已经提供的Jar包,如下: | ||||
|  | ||||
| Spark 官方文档 Submitting Applications 章节:  | ||||
|  | ||||
| > When creating assembly jars, list Spark and Hadoop as `provided` dependencies; these need not be bundled since they are provided by the cluster manager at runtime. | ||||
|  | ||||
| Strom官方文档 Running Topologies on a Production Cluster 章节: | ||||
|  | ||||
| >Then run mvn assembly:assembly to get an appropriately packaged jar. Make sure you exclude the Storm jars since the cluster already has Storm on the classpath. | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| + 对需要排除的Jar包依赖添加`<scope>provided</scope>`标签,此时该Jar包会被排除,但是不建议使用这种方式,因为此时你在本地运行也无法使用该Jar包; | ||||
| + 建议直接在`maven-assembly-plugin`或`maven-shade-plugin`的配置文件中使用`<exclude>`进行排除。 | ||||
|  | ||||
| ## 七、使用建议 | ||||
|  | ||||
| 通常使用`maven-shade-plugin`就能够完成大多数的打包需求,其配置简单且适用性最广,因此建议使用此方式。 | ||||
|  | ||||
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