264 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
264 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# Hadoop单机版环境搭建
|
||
|
||
<nav>
|
||
<a href="#一前置条件">一、前置条件</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#二配置-SSH-免密登录">二、配置 SSH 免密登录</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#三HadoopHDFS环境搭建">三、Hadoop(HDFS)环境搭建</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#四HadoopYARN环境搭建">四、Hadoop(YARN)环境搭建</a><br/>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 一、前置条件
|
||
|
||
Hadoop的运行依赖JDK，需要预先安装，安装步骤见：
|
||
|
||
+ [Linux下JDK的安装](https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/notes/installation/JDK%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.md)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 二、配置免密登录
|
||
|
||
Hadoop组件之间需要基于SSH进行通讯。
|
||
|
||
#### 2.1 配置映射
|
||
|
||
配置ip地址和主机名映射：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
vim /etc/hosts
|
||
# 文件末尾增加
|
||
192.168.43.202 hadoop001
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2.2 生成公私钥
|
||
|
||
执行下面命令行生成公匙和私匙：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3.3 授权
|
||
|
||
进入`~/.ssh`目录下，查看生成的公匙和私匙，并将公匙写入到授权文件：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
[root@@hadoop001 sbin]# cd ~/.ssh
|
||
[root@@hadoop001 .ssh]# ll
|
||
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 3月 15 09:48 id_rsa
|
||
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 388 3月 15 09:48 id_rsa.pub
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 写入公匙到授权文件
|
||
[root@hadoop001 .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
|
||
[root@hadoop001 .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 三、Hadoop(HDFS)环境搭建
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.1 下载并解压
|
||
|
||
下载Hadoop安装包，这里我下载的是CDH版本的，下载地址为：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 解压
|
||
tar -zvxf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2.tar.gz
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.2 配置环境变量
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# vi /etc/profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
配置环境变量：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2
|
||
export PATH=${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:$PATH
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
执行`source`命令，使得配置的环境变量立即生效：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# source /etc/profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.3 修改Hadoop配置
|
||
|
||
进入`${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/ `目录下，修改以下配置：
|
||
|
||
#### 1. hadoop-env.sh
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# JDK安装路径
|
||
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201/
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 2. core-site.xml
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<configuration>
|
||
<property>
|
||
<!--指定namenode的hdfs协议文件系统的通信地址-->
|
||
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
|
||
<value>hdfs://hadoop001:8020</value>
|
||
</property>
|
||
<property>
|
||
<!--指定hadoop存储临时文件的目录-->
|
||
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
|
||
<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
|
||
</property>
|
||
</configuration>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 3. hdfs-site.xml
|
||
|
||
指定副本系数和临时文件存储位置：
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<configuration>
|
||
<property>
|
||
<!--由于我们这里搭建是单机版本，所以指定dfs的副本系数为1-->
|
||
<name>dfs.replication</name>
|
||
<value>1</value>
|
||
</property>
|
||
</configuration>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 4. slaves
|
||
|
||
配置所有从属节点的主机名或IP地址，由于是单机版本，所以指定本机即可：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
hadoop001
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.4 关闭防火墙
|
||
|
||
不关闭防火墙可能导致无法访问Hadoop的Web UI界面：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 查看防火墙状态
|
||
sudo firewall-cmd --state
|
||
# 关闭防火墙:
|
||
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.5 初始化
|
||
|
||
第一次启动Hadoop时需要进行初始化，进入`${HADOOP_HOME}/bin/`目录下，执行以下命令：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
[root@hadoop001 bin]# ./hdfs namenode -format
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.6 启动HDFS
|
||
|
||
进入`${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/`目录下，启动HDFS：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
[root@hadoop001 sbin]# ./start-dfs.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 3.7 验证是否启动成功
|
||
|
||
方式一：执行`jps`查看`NameNode`和`DataNode`服务是否已经启动：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
[root@hadoop001 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2]# jps
|
||
9137 DataNode
|
||
9026 NameNode
|
||
9390 SecondaryNameNode
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
方式二：查看Web UI界面，端口为`50070`：
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img width="700px" src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/hadoop安装验证.png"/> </div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 四、Hadoop(YARN)环境搭建
|
||
|
||
### 4.1 修改配置
|
||
|
||
进入`${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/ `目录下，修改以下配置：
|
||
|
||
#### 1. mapred-site.xml
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 如果没有mapred-site.xml，则拷贝一份样例文件后再修改
|
||
cp ./mapred-site.xml.template ./mapred-site.xml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<configuration>
|
||
<property>
|
||
<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
|
||
<value>yarn</value>
|
||
</property>
|
||
</configuration>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 2. yarn-site.xml
|
||
|
||
```xml
|
||
<configuration>
|
||
<property>
|
||
<!--配置NodeManager上运行的附属服务。需要配置成mapreduce_shuffle后才可以在Yarn上运行MapReduce程序。-->
|
||
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
|
||
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
|
||
</property>
|
||
</configuration>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 4.2 启动服务
|
||
|
||
进入`${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/`目录下，启动YARN：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
./start-yarn.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 4.3 验证是否启动成功
|
||
|
||
方式一：执行`jps`命令查看`NodeManager`和`ResourceManager`服务是否已经启动：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
[root@hadoop001 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2]# jps
|
||
9137 DataNode
|
||
9026 NameNode
|
||
12294 NodeManager
|
||
12185 ResourceManager
|
||
9390 SecondaryNameNode
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
方式二：查看Web UI界面，端口号为`8088`：
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img width="700px" src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/hadoop-yarn安装验证.png"/> </div>
|