150 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
# Sqoop 简介与安装
|
||
|
||
<nav>
|
||
<a href="#一Sqoop-简介">一、Sqoop 简介</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#二安装">二、安装</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#21-下载并解压">2.1 下载并解压</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#22-配置环境变量">2.2 配置环境变量</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#23-修改配置">2.3 修改配置</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#24-拷贝数据库驱动">2.4 拷贝数据库驱动</a><br/>
|
||
<a href="#25-验证">2.5 验证</a><br/>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 一、Sqoop 简介
|
||
|
||
Sqoop是一个常用的数据迁移工具，主要用于在不同存储系统之间实现数据的导入与导出：
|
||
|
||
+ 导入数据：从MySQL，Oracle等关系型数据库中导入数据到HDFS、Hive、HBase等分布式文件存储系统中；
|
||
|
||
+ 导出数据：从 分布式文件系统中导出数据到关系数据库中。
|
||
|
||
其原理是将执行命令转化成 MapReduce 作业来实现数据的迁移，如下图。
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/sqoop-tool.png"/> </div>
|
||
|
||
## 二、安装
|
||
|
||
版本选择：
|
||
|
||
目前Sqoop有Sqoop 1和Sqoop 2两个版本，但是截至到目前，官方并不推荐使用Sqoop 2，因为其与Sqoop 1并不兼容，且功能还没有完善，所以这里优先推荐使用Sqoop 1。
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/sqoop-version-selected.png"/> </div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 2.1 下载并解压
|
||
|
||
下载所需版本的Sqoop ，这里我下载的是`CDH`版本的Sqoop 。下载地址为：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 下载后进行解压
|
||
tar -zxvf sqoop-1.4.6-cdh5.15.2.tar.gz
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2.2 配置环境变量
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# vim /etc/profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
添加环境变量：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
export SQOOP_HOME=/usr/app/sqoop-1.4.6-cdh5.15.2
|
||
export PATH=$SQOOP_HOME/bin:$PATH
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
使得配置的环境变量立即生效：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# source /etc/profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2.3 修改配置
|
||
|
||
进入安装目录下的`conf/`目录，拷贝Sqoop的环境配置模板`sqoop-env.sh.template`
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# cp sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
修改`sqoop-env.sh`，内容如下(以下配置中`HADOOP_COMMON_HOME`和`HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME`是必选的，其他的是可选的)：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.
|
||
#Set path to where bin/hadoop is available
|
||
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/usr/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2
|
||
|
||
#Set path to where hadoop-*-core.jar is available
|
||
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/usr/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2
|
||
|
||
#set the path to where bin/hbase is available
|
||
export HBASE_HOME=/usr/app/hbase-1.2.0-cdh5.15.2
|
||
|
||
#Set the path to where bin/hive is available
|
||
export HIVE_HOME=/usr/app/hive-1.1.0-cdh5.15.2
|
||
|
||
#Set the path for where zookeper config dir is
|
||
export ZOOCFGDIR=/usr/app/zookeeper-3.4.13/conf
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2.4 拷贝数据库驱动
|
||
|
||
将MySQL驱动包拷贝到Sqoop安装目录的`lib`目录下, 驱动包的下载地址为https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/ 。在本仓库的[resources](https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/tree/master/resources)目录下我也上传了一份，有需要的可以自行下载。
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/sqoop-mysql-jar.png"/> </div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### 2.5 验证
|
||
|
||
由于已经将sqoop的`bin`目录配置到环境变量，直接使用以下命令验证是否配置成功：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# sqoop version
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
出现对应的版本信息则代表配置成功：
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/sqoop-version.png"/> </div>
|
||
|
||
这里出现的两个`Warning`警告是因为我们本身就没有用到`HCatalog`和`Accumulo`，忽略即可。Sqoop在启动时会去检查环境变量中是否有配置这些软件，如果想去除这些警告，可以修改`bin/configure-sqoop`，注释掉不必要的检查。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# Check: If we can't find our dependencies, give up here.
|
||
if [ ! -d "${HADOOP_COMMON_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Error: $HADOOP_COMMON_HOME does not exist!"
|
||
echo 'Please set $HADOOP_COMMON_HOME to the root of your Hadoop installation.'
|
||
exit 1
|
||
fi
|
||
if [ ! -d "${HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Error: $HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME does not exist!"
|
||
echo 'Please set $HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME to the root of your Hadoop MapReduce installation.'
|
||
exit 1
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
## Moved to be a runtime check in sqoop.
|
||
if [ ! -d "${HBASE_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Warning: $HBASE_HOME does not exist! HBase imports will fail."
|
||
echo 'Please set $HBASE_HOME to the root of your HBase installation.'
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
## Moved to be a runtime check in sqoop.
|
||
if [ ! -d "${HCAT_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Warning: $HCAT_HOME does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail."
|
||
echo 'Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.'
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
if [ ! -d "${ACCUMULO_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Warning: $ACCUMULO_HOME does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail."
|
||
echo 'Please set $ACCUMULO_HOME to the root of your Accumulo installation.'
|
||
fi
|
||
if [ ! -d "${ZOOKEEPER_HOME}" ]; then
|
||
echo "Warning: $ZOOKEEPER_HOME does not exist! Accumulo imports will fail."
|
||
echo 'Please set $ZOOKEEPER_HOME to the root of your Zookeeper installation.'
|
||
fi
|
||
```
|
||
|