263 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
263 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
# Hadoop单机版环境搭建
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<nav>
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<a href="#一前置条件">一、前置条件</a><br/>
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<a href="#二配置-SSH-免密登录">二、配置 SSH 免密登录</a><br/>
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<a href="#三HadoopHDFS环境搭建">三、Hadoop(HDFS)环境搭建</a><br/>
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<a href="#四HadoopYARN环境搭建">四、Hadoop(YARN)环境搭建</a><br/>
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</nav>
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## 一、前置条件
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Hadoop 的运行依赖 JDK，需要预先安装，安装步骤见：
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+ [Linux 下 JDK 的安装](https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/notes/installation/Linux下JDK安装.md)
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## 二、配置免密登录
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Hadoop 组件之间需要基于 SSH 进行通讯。
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#### 2.1 配置映射
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配置 ip 地址和主机名映射：
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```shell
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vim /etc/hosts
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# 文件末尾增加
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192.168.43.202 hadoop001
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```
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### 2.2 生成公私钥
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执行下面命令行生成公匙和私匙：
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```
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ssh-keygen -t rsa
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```
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### 3.3 授权
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进入 `~/.ssh` 目录下，查看生成的公匙和私匙，并将公匙写入到授权文件：
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```shell
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[root@@hadoop001 sbin]# cd ~/.ssh
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[root@@hadoop001 .ssh]# ll
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-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 3 月 15 09:48 id_rsa
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-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 388 3 月 15 09:48 id_rsa.pub
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```
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```shell
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# 写入公匙到授权文件
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[root@hadoop001 .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
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[root@hadoop001 .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys
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```
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## 三、Hadoop(HDFS)环境搭建
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### 3.1 下载并解压
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下载 Hadoop 安装包，这里我下载的是 CDH 版本的，下载地址为：http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/
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```shell
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# 解压
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tar -zvxf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2.tar.gz
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```
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### 3.2 配置环境变量
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```shell
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# vi /etc/profile
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```
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配置环境变量：
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```
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export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/app/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2
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export PATH=${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:$PATH
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```
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执行 `source` 命令，使得配置的环境变量立即生效：
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```shell
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# source /etc/profile
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```
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### 3.3 修改Hadoop配置
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进入 `${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/ ` 目录下，修改以下配置：
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#### 1. hadoop-env.sh
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```shell
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# JDK安装路径
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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_201/
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```
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#### 2. core-site.xml
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```xml
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<configuration>
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<property>
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<!--指定 namenode 的 hdfs 协议文件系统的通信地址-->
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<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
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<value>hdfs://hadoop001:8020</value>
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</property>
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<property>
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<!--指定 hadoop 存储临时文件的目录-->
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<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
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<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
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</property>
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</configuration>
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```
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#### 3. hdfs-site.xml
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指定副本系数和临时文件存储位置：
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```xml
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<configuration>
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<property>
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<!--由于我们这里搭建是单机版本，所以指定 dfs 的副本系数为 1-->
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<name>dfs.replication</name>
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<value>1</value>
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</property>
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</configuration>
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```
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#### 4. slaves
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配置所有从属节点的主机名或 IP 地址，由于是单机版本，所以指定本机即可：
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```shell
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hadoop001
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```
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### 3.4 关闭防火墙
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不关闭防火墙可能导致无法访问 Hadoop 的 Web UI 界面：
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```shell
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# 查看防火墙状态
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sudo firewall-cmd --state
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# 关闭防火墙:
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sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
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```
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### 3.5 初始化
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第一次启动 Hadoop 时需要进行初始化，进入 `${HADOOP_HOME}/bin/` 目录下，执行以下命令：
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```shell
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[root@hadoop001 bin]# ./hdfs namenode -format
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```
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### 3.6 启动HDFS
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进入 `${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/` 目录下，启动 HDFS：
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```shell
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[root@hadoop001 sbin]# ./start-dfs.sh
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```
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### 3.7 验证是否启动成功
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方式一：执行 `jps` 查看 `NameNode` 和 `DataNode` 服务是否已经启动：
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```shell
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[root@hadoop001 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2]# jps
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9137 DataNode
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9026 NameNode
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9390 SecondaryNameNode
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```
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方式二：查看 Web UI 界面，端口为 `50070`：
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<div align="center"> <img width="700px" src="https://gitee.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/raw/master/pictures/hadoop安装验证.png"/> </div>
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## 四、Hadoop(YARN)环境搭建
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### 4.1 修改配置
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进入 `${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/ ` 目录下，修改以下配置：
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#### 1. mapred-site.xml
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```shell
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# 如果没有mapred-site.xml，则拷贝一份样例文件后再修改
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cp mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml
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```
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```xml
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<configuration>
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<property>
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<name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
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<value>yarn</value>
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</property>
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</configuration>
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```
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#### 2. yarn-site.xml
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```xml
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<configuration>
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<property>
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<!--配置 NodeManager 上运行的附属服务。需要配置成 mapreduce_shuffle 后才可以在 Yarn 上运行 MapReduce 程序。-->
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<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
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<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
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</property>
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</configuration>
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```
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### 4.2 启动服务
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进入 `${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/` 目录下，启动 YARN：
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```shell
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./start-yarn.sh
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```
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#### 4.3 验证是否启动成功
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方式一：执行 `jps` 命令查看 `NodeManager` 和 `ResourceManager` 服务是否已经启动：
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```shell
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[root@hadoop001 hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.15.2]# jps
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9137 DataNode
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9026 NameNode
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12294 NodeManager
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12185 ResourceManager
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9390 SecondaryNameNode
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```
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方式二：查看 Web UI 界面，端口号为 `8088`：
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<div align="center"> <img width="700px" src="https://gitee.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/raw/master/pictures/hadoop-yarn安装验证.png"/> </div>
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