335 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
335 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Storm三种打包方式对比分析
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<nav>
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<a href="#一简介">一、简介</a><br/>
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<a href="#二mvn-package">二、mvn package</a><br/>
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<a href="#三maven-assembly-plugin插件">三、maven-assembly-plugin插件</a><br/>
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<a href="#四maven-shade-plugin插件">四、maven-shade-plugin插件</a><br/>
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<a href="#五结论">五、结论</a><br/>
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<a href="#六打包注意事项">六、打包注意事项</a><br/>
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</nav>
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## 一、简介
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在将Storm Topology提交到服务器集群进行运行时,需要先将项目进行打包。本文主要对比分析各种打包方式,并将打包过程中需要注意的事项进行说明。主要打包方式有以下三种:
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+ 第一种:不加任何插件,直接使用mvn package打包;
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+ 第二种:使用maven-assembly-plugin插件进行打包;
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+ 第三种:使用maven-shade-plugin进行打包。
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以下分别进行详细的说明。
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## 二、mvn package
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### 2.1 mvn package的局限
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不在POM中配置任何插件,直接使用`mvn package`进行项目打包,这对于没有使用外部依赖包的项目是可行的。
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但如果项目中使用了第三方JAR包,就会出现问题,因为`mvn package`打包后的JAR中是不含有依赖包的,如果此时你提交到服务器上运行,就会出现找不到第三方依赖的异常。
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如果你想采用这种方式进行打包,但是又使用了第三方JAR包,有没有解决办法?答案是有的,这一点在官方文档中[Command Line Client](http://storm.apache.org/releases/2.0.0-SNAPSHOT/Command-line-client.html)这部分有所讲解,主要解决办法如下。
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### 2.2 解决办法
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在使用`storm jar topology-jar-path class ...`提交Topology的时候,需要指定第三方依赖时候,可以进行如下操作:
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+ 如果第三方JAR包在本地,可以使用`--jars`指定;
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+ 如果第三方JAR包在远程中央仓库,可以使用`--artifacts` 指定,此时如果想要排除某些依赖,可以使用 `^` 符号;
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+ 如果第三方JAR包在其他仓库,还需要使用 `--artifactRepositories`指明仓库地址,库名和地址使用 `^` 符号分隔。
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以下是包含上面三种情况的一个样例命令:
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```shell
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./bin/storm jar example/storm-starter/storm-starter-topologies-*.jar \
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org.apache.storm.starter.RollingTopWords blobstore-remote2 remote \
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--jars "./external/storm-redis/storm-redis-1.1.0.jar,./external/storm-kafka/storm-kafka-1.1.0.jar" \
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--artifacts "redis.clients:jedis:2.9.0,org.apache.kafka:kafka_2.10:0.8.2.2^org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12" \
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--artifactRepositories "jboss-repository^http://repository.jboss.com/maven2, \
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HDPRepo^http://repo.hortonworks.com/content/groups/public/"
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```
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## 三、maven-assembly-plugin插件
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### 3.1 官方文档说明
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maven-assembly-plugin是官方文档中介绍的打包方法,来源于官方文档:[Running Topologies on a Production Cluster](http://storm.apache.org/releases/2.0.0-SNAPSHOT/Running-topologies-on-a-production-cluster.html)
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> If you're using Maven, the [Maven Assembly Plugin](http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/) can do the packaging for you. Just add this to your pom.xml:
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>
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> ```xml
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> <plugin>
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> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
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> <configuration>
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> <descriptorRefs>
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> <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
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> </descriptorRefs>
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> <archive>
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> <manifest>
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> <mainClass>com.path.to.main.Class</mainClass>
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> </manifest>
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> </archive>
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> </configuration>
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> </plugin>
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> ```
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>
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> Then run mvn assembly:assembly to get an appropriately packaged jar. Make sure you [exclude](http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/examples/single/including-and-excluding-artifacts.html) the Storm jars since the cluster already has Storm on the classpath.
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主要是两点:
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- 使用maven-assembly-plugin进行打包,因为maven-assembly-plugin会把所有的依赖一并打包到最后的JAR中;
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- 排除掉Storm集群环境中已经提供的Storm jars。
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maven-assembly-plugin的使用非常简单,只需要在POM.xml中引入即可,并且在\<descriptorRef>标签指定打包格式为`jar-with-dependencies`。那么就剩下一个问题:如何排除Storm jars ?
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### 3.2 排除Storm jars
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`jar-with-dependencies`是Maven官方内置的一种打包格式,Maven官方文档[Pre-defined Descriptor Files](http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/descriptor-refs.html)中有所说明:
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/jar-with-dependencies.png"/> </div>
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如果你想排除某个依赖,这里以排除`storm-core`为例,你可以在`jar-with-dependencies`的XML上进行修改。
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```xml
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<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0
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http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd">
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<id>jar-with-dependencies</id>
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<!--指明打包方式-->
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<formats>
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<format>jar</format>
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</formats>
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<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
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<dependencySets>
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<dependencySet>
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<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
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<useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact>
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<unpack>true</unpack>
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<scope>runtime</scope>
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<!--排除storm环境中已经提供的storm-core-->
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<excludes>
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<exclude>org.apache.storm:storm-core</exclude>
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</excludes>
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</dependencySet>
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</dependencySets>
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</assembly>
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```
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### 3.3 最终配置
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采用maven-assembly-plugin进行打包时候,最终的配置应该如下:
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#### 1.引入插件
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在POM.xml中引入插件,并指定打包格式的配置文件`assembly.xml`(名称可自定义):
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```xml
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<build>
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<plugins>
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<plugin>
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<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
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<configuration>
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<descriptors>
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<descriptor>src/main/resources/assembly.xml</descriptor>
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</descriptors>
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<archive>
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<manifest>
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<mainClass>com.heibaiying.wordcount.ClusterWordCountApp</mainClass>
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</manifest>
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</archive>
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</configuration>
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</plugin>
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</plugins>
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</build>
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```
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assembly.xml文件内容如下:
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```xml
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<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0"
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xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/ASSEMBLY/2.0.0
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http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-2.0.0.xsd">
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<id>jar-with-dependencies</id>
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<!--指明打包方式-->
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<formats>
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<format>jar</format>
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</formats>
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<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
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<dependencySets>
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<dependencySet>
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<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
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<useProjectArtifact>true</useProjectArtifact>
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<unpack>true</unpack>
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<scope>runtime</scope>
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<!--排除storm环境中已经提供的storm-core-->
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<excludes>
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<exclude>org.apache.storm:storm-core</exclude>
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</excludes>
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</dependencySet>
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</dependencySets>
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</assembly>
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```
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>在配置文件中不仅可以排除依赖,还可以排除指定的文件,更多的配置规则可以参考官方文档:[Descriptor Format](http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly.html#)
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#### 2. 打包命令
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采用maven-assembly-plugin进行打包时命令如下:
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```shell
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# mvn assembly:assembly
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```
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打包后会同时生成两个JAR包,其中后缀为`jar-with-dependencies`是含有第三方依赖的JAR包,后缀是由`assembly.xml`中`<id>`标签指定的,可以自定义修改。提交该JAR到集群环境即可直接使用。
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-jar.png"/> </div>
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## 四、maven-shade-plugin插件
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### 4.1 官方文档说明
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第三种方式是使用maven-shade-plugin,既然已经有了maven-assembly-plugin,为什么还需要maven-shade-plugin,这一点在官方文档中也是有所说明的,来自于官方对HDFS整合讲解的章节[Storm HDFS Integration](http://storm.apache.org/releases/2.0.0-SNAPSHOT/storm-hdfs.html),原文如下:
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>When packaging your topology, it's important that you use the [maven-shade-plugin](http://storm.apache.org/releases/2.0.0-SNAPSHOT/storm-hdfs.html) as opposed to the [maven-assembly-plugin](http://storm.apache.org/releases/2.0.0-SNAPSHOT/storm-hdfs.html).
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>
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>The shade plugin provides facilities for merging JAR manifest entries, which the hadoop client leverages for URL scheme resolution.
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>
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>If you experience errors such as the following:
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>
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>```
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>java.lang.RuntimeException: Error preparing HdfsBolt: No FileSystem for scheme: hdfs
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>```
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>
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>it's an indication that your topology jar file isn't packaged properly.
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>
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>If you are using maven to create your topology jar, you should use the following `maven-shade-plugin` configuration to create your topology jar。
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这里第一句就说的比较清晰,在集成HDFS时候,你必须使用maven-shade-plugin来代替maven-assembly-plugin,否则会抛出
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RuntimeException异常。
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采用maven-shade-plugin打包有很多好处,比如你的工程依赖很多的JAR包,而被依赖的JAR又会依赖其他的JAR包,这样,当工程中依赖到不同的版本的 JAR时,并且JAR中具有相同名称的资源文件时,shade插件会尝试将所有资源文件打包在一起时,而不是和assembly一样执行覆盖操作。
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### 4.2 配置
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采用`maven-shade-plugin`进行打包时候,配置示例如下:
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```xml
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
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<configuration>
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<createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom>
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<filters>
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<filter>
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<artifact>*:*</artifact>
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<excludes>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.sf</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.dsa</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.rsa</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.EC</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/*.ec</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/MSFTSIG.SF</exclude>
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<exclude>META-INF/MSFTSIG.RSA</exclude>
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</excludes>
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</filter>
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</filters>
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<artifactSet>
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<excludes>
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<exclude>org.apache.storm:storm-core</exclude>
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</excludes>
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</artifactSet>
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</configuration>
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<executions>
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<execution>
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<phase>package</phase>
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<goals>
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<goal>shade</goal>
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</goals>
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<configuration>
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<transformers>
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<transformer
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implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
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<transformer
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implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
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</transformer>
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</transformers>
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</configuration>
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</execution>
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</executions>
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</plugin>
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```
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以上配置示例来源于Storm在Github上的examples,这里做一下说明:
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在上面的配置中,排除了部分文件,这是因为有些JAR包生成时,会使用jarsigner生成文件签名(完成性校验),分为两个文件存放在META-INF目录下:
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+ a signature file, with a .SF extension;
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+ a signature block file, with a .DSA, .RSA, or .EC extension;
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如果某些包的存在重复引用,这可能会导致在打包时候出现`Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes`异常,所以在配置中排除这些文件。
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### 4.3 打包命令
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使用maven-shade-plugin进行打包的时候,打包命令和普通的一样:
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```shell
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# mvn package
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```
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打包后会生成两个JAR包,提交到服务器集群时使用非original开头的JAR.
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-jar2.png"/> </div>
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## 五、结论
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通过以上三种打包方式的详细介绍,这里给出最后的结论:**建议使用maven-shade-plugin插件进行打包**,因为其通用性最强,操作最简单,并且storm官方Github中给的所有[examples](https://github.com/apache/storm/tree/master/examples)都是采用的第三种打包方式。
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## 六、打包注意事项
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无论采用任何打包方式,都必须排除集群环境中已经提供的storm jars。这里比较典型的是storm-core,其在安装目录的lib目录下已经存在。
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-lib.png"/> </div>
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如果你不排除storm-core,通常会抛出下面的异常:
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```properties
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Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: Found multiple defaults.yaml resources.
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You're probably bundling the Storm jars with your topology jar.
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[jar:file:/usr/app/apache-storm-1.2.2/lib/storm-core-1.2.2.jar!/defaults.yaml,
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jar:file:/usr/appjar/storm-hdfs-integration-1.0.jar!/defaults.yaml]
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at org.apache.storm.utils.Utils.findAndReadConfigFile(Utils.java:384)
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at org.apache.storm.utils.Utils.readDefaultConfig(Utils.java:428)
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at org.apache.storm.utils.Utils.readStormConfig(Utils.java:464)
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at org.apache.storm.utils.Utils.<clinit>(Utils.java:178)
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... 39 more
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```
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<div align="center"> <img src="https://github.com/heibaiying/BigData-Notes/blob/master/pictures/storm-jar-complie-error.png"/> </div>
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## 参考资料
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关于maven-shade-plugin的更多配置可以参考: [maven-shade-plugin 入门指南](https://www.jianshu.com/p/7a0e20b30401) |