130 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
连接数据库, 默认的用户和数据库是postgres
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```
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psql -U user -d dbname
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```
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切换数据库,相当于mysql的use dbname
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```
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\c dbname
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```
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列举数据库，相当于mysql的show databases
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```
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\l
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```
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列举表，相当于mysql的show tables
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```
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\dt
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```
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查看表结构，相当于desc tblname,show columns from tbname
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```
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\d tblname
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```
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查看索引
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```
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\di
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```
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创建数据库：
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```
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create database [数据库名];
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```
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删除数据库：
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```
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drop database [数据库名];
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```
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重命名一个表：
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```
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alter table [表名A] rename to [表名B];
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```
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删除一个表：
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```
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drop table [表名];
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```
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在已有的表里添加字段：
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```
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alter table [表名] add column [字段名] [类型];
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```
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删除表中的字段：
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```
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alter table [表名] drop column [字段名];
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```
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重命名一个字段：
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```
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alter table [表名] rename column [字段名A] to [字段名B];
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```
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给一个字段设置缺省值：
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```
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alter table [表名] alter column [字段名] set default [新的默认值];
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```
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去除缺省值：
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```
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alter table [表名] alter column [字段名] drop default;
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```
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在表中插入数据：
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```
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insert into 表名 ([字段名m],[字段名n],......) values ([列m的值],[列n的值],......);
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```
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修改表中的某行某列的数据：
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```
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update [表名] set [目标字段名]=[目标值] where [该行特征];
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```
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删除表中某行数据：
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```
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delete from [表名] where [该行特征];
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delete from [表名];--删空整个表
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```
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创建表：
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```
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create table ([字段名1] [类型1] <references 关联表名(关联的字段名)>;,[字段名2] [类型2],......<,primary key (字段名m,字段名n,...)>;);
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```
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```
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\copyright 显示 PostgreSQL 的使用和发行条款
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\encoding [字元编码名称]
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显示或设定用户端字元编码
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\h [名称] SQL 命令语法上的说明，用 * 显示全部命令
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\prompt [文本] 名称
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提示用户设定内部变数
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\password [USERNAME]
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securely change the password for a user
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\q 退出 psql
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```
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