article/SQL窗口函数（二）.md

SQL窗口函数（二）—— 连续问题

题目一

表格

user_id	login_date
A	2022-09-02
A	2022-09-03
A	2022-09-04
B	2021-11-25
B	2021-12-31
C	2022-01-01
C	2022-04-04
C	2022-09-03
C	2022-09-04
C	2022-09-05
A	2022-09-03
D	2022-10-20
D	2022-10-21
A	2022-10-03
D	2022-10-22
D	2022-10-23

脚本

CREATE TABLE SQL_8
(
     user_id 	varchar(2),
     login_date date
);
INSERT INTO SQL_8 (user_id,login_date)
VALUES ('A', '2022-09-02'), ('A', '2022-09-03'), ('A', '2022-09-04'), ('B', '2021-11-25'),
       ('B', '2021-12-31'), ('C', '2022-01-01'), ('C', '2022-04-04'), ('C', '2022-09-03'),
       ('C', '2022-09-05'), ('C', '2022-09-04'), ('A', '2022-09-03'), ('D', '2022-10-20'),
       ('D', '2022-10-21'), ('A', '2022-10-03'), ('D', '2022-10-22'), ('D', '2022-10-23');

问题

找出这张表中所有的连续3天登录用户

分析

连续N天登录用户，要求数据行满足以下条件：

1. userid 要相同，表示同一用户

2. 同一用户每行记录以登录时间从小到大排序

3. 后一行记录比前一行记录的登录时间多一天

4. 数据行数大于等于N

解答

-- 方法一
with t1 as (
    select distinct user_id, login_date from SQL_8
),
t2 as (
    select *, row_number() over (partition by user_id order by login_date) as rn from t1
),
t3 as (
    select *, DATE_SUB(login_date, interval rn day) as sub from t2
)
select distinct user_id from t3 group by user_id, sub having count(user_id) >= 3;

-- 方法二
with t1 as (
    select distinct user_id, login_date from SQL_8
),
t2 as (
    select *, DATEDIFF(login_date, lag(login_date, 1) over (partition by user_id order by login_date)) as diff from t1
)
select user_id from t2 where diff = 1 group by user_id having count(user_id) >= 2;

题目二

表格

player_id	score	score_time
B3	1	2022-09-20 19:00:14
A2	1	2022-09-20 19:01:04
A2	3	2022-09-20 19:01:16
A2	3	2022-09-20 19:02:05
A2	2	2022-09-20 19:02:25
B5	2	2022-09-20 19:02:54
A4	3	2022-09-20 19:03:10
B1	2	2022-09-20 19:03:34
B1	2	2022-09-20 19:03:58
B1	3	2022-09-20 19:04:07
A2	1	2022-09-20 19:04:19
A3	2	2022-09-20 19:04:31

脚本

CREATE TABLE SQL_9
(
     player_id 	varchar(2),
     score      int,
     score_time datetime
);
INSERT INTO SQL_9 (player_id, score, score_time)
VALUES ('B3', 1, '2022-09-20 19:00:14'), ('A2', 1, '2022-09-20 19:01:04'),
       ('A2', 3, '2022-09-20 19:01:16'), ('A2', 3, '2022-09-20 19:02:05'),
       ('A2', 2, '2022-09-20 19:02:25'), ('B3', 2, '2022-09-20 19:02:54'),
       ('A4', 3, '2022-09-20 19:03:10'), ('B1', 2, '2022-09-20 19:03:34'),
       ('B1', 2, '2022-09-20 19:03:58'), ('B1', 3, '2022-09-20 19:04:07'),
       ('A2', 1, '2022-09-20 19:04:19'), ('B3', 2, '2022-09-20 19:04:31');

问题

统计出连续三次（及以上）为球队得分的球员名单

分析

连续N次以上为球队得分， 要求数据行满足以下条件：

1. player_id 要相同表示同一球员

2. 每行记录以得分时间从小到大排序

3. 数据行数大于等于N

解答

-- 方法一
with t1 as (
    select *, lag(player_id, 1) over (order by score_time) as last_play_id from SQL_9
)
select distinct player_id from t1 where player_id = last_play_id group by player_id having count(player_id) >= 2;

-- 方法二
with t1 as (
    select *, row_number() over (order by score_time) as rn from SQL_9
),
 t2 as (
     select *, row_number() over (order by score_time) + 1 as rn from SQL_9
 ),
 t3 as (
     select t1.player_id  as player_id from t1 join t2 on t1.rn = t2.rn and t1.player_id = t2.player_id
 )
select distinct player_id from t3 group by player_id having count(player_id) >= 2;

题目三

表格

log_id
1
2
3
7
8
10

脚本

CREATE TABLE SQL_10
(
     log_id  int
);
INSERT INTO SQL_10 (log_id) VALUES (1), (2), (3), (7), (8), (10);

问题

编写SQL 查询得到 Logs 表中的连续区间的开始数字和结束数字。按照 start_id 排序。查询结果格式如下:

start_id	end_id
1	3
7	8
10	10

解答

-- 方法一
with t1 as (
    select *, log_id - row_number() over (order by log_id) as gr from SQL_10
)

select min(log_id) as start_id, max(log_id) as end_id from t1 group by gr

-- 方法二
with t1 as (
    select *, log_id - row_number() over (order by log_id) as gr, log_id - lag(log_id,1) over () as diff from SQL_10
),
t2 as (
    select log_id, gr from t1 where ifnull(diff,-1) <> 1
),
t3 as (
    select *, log_id - row_number() over (order by log_id) as gr, log_id - lead(log_id,1) over () as diff from SQL_10
),
t4 as (
 select log_id, gr from t3 where ifnull(diff, 1) <> -1
)
select t2.log_id as start_id, t4.log_id as end_id from t2, t4 where t2.gr = t4.gr;

技巧

如何求连续区间？

1）行号过滤法

​ 通过row_number() 生成连续行号，与区间列进行差值运算，得到的临时结果如果相同表示为同一连续区间

2） 错位比较法

​ 通过row_number() / row_number() + 1 分别生成原生的和错位的连续行号列，进行连表操作

​ 也可以通过lag/lead函数直接生成错位列