feat(codeagent-wrapper): add --output structured JSON file (#151)

* feat(codeagent-wrapper): add --output structured JSON file

* fix(codeagent-wrapper): write --output on failure

---------

Co-authored-by: danielee.eth <danielee.eth@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: cexll <evanxian9@gmail.com>

codeagent-wrapper/internal/app/cli.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ type cliOptions struct {
 	ReasoningEffort string
 	Agent           string
 	PromptFile      string
+	Output          string
 	Skills          string
 	SkipPermissions bool
 	Worktree        bool
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ func addRootFlags(fs *pflag.FlagSet, opts *cliOptions) {
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.ReasoningEffort, "reasoning-effort", "", "Reasoning effort (backend-specific)")
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.Agent, "agent", "", "Agent preset name (from ~/.codeagent/models.json)")
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.PromptFile, "prompt-file", "", "Prompt file path")
+	fs.StringVar(&opts.Output, "output", "", "Write structured JSON output to file")
 	fs.StringVar(&opts.Skills, "skills", "", "Comma-separated skill names for spec injection")
 
 	fs.BoolVar(&opts.SkipPermissions, "skip-permissions", false, "Skip permissions prompts (also via CODEAGENT_SKIP_PERMISSIONS)")
@@ -237,6 +239,7 @@ func buildSingleConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, rawArgv []string, opts
 	agentName := ""
 	promptFile := ""
 	promptFileExplicit := false
+	outputPath := ""
 	yolo := false
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("agent") {
@@ -281,6 +284,15 @@ func buildSingleConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, rawArgv []string, opts
 		promptFile = resolvedPromptFile
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("output") {
+		outputPath = strings.TrimSpace(opts.Output)
+		if outputPath == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("--output flag requires a value")
+		}
+	} else if val := strings.TrimSpace(v.GetString("output")); val != "" {
+		outputPath = val
+	}
+
 	agentFlagChanged := cmd.Flags().Changed("agent")
 	backendFlagChanged := cmd.Flags().Changed("backend")
 	if backendFlagChanged {
@@ -357,6 +369,7 @@ func buildSingleConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, rawArgv []string, opts
 		Agent:              agentName,
 		PromptFile:         promptFile,
 		PromptFileExplicit: promptFileExplicit,
+		OutputPath:         outputPath,
 		SkipPermissions:    skipPermissions,
 		Yolo:               yolo,
 		Model:              model,
@@ -432,7 +445,7 @@ func runParallelMode(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, opts *cliOptions, v *vip
 	}
 
 	if cmd.Flags().Changed("agent") || cmd.Flags().Changed("prompt-file") || cmd.Flags().Changed("reasoning-effort") || cmd.Flags().Changed("skills") {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "ERROR: --parallel reads its task configuration from stdin; only --backend, --model, --full-output and --skip-permissions are allowed.")
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "ERROR: --parallel reads its task configuration from stdin; only --backend, --model, --output, --full-output and --skip-permissions are allowed.")
 		return 1
 	}
 
@@ -463,6 +476,17 @@ func runParallelMode(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, opts *cliOptions, v *vip
 		fullOutput = v.GetBool("full-output")
 	}
 
+	outputPath := ""
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("output") {
+		outputPath = strings.TrimSpace(opts.Output)
+		if outputPath == "" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "ERROR: --output flag requires a value")
+			return 1
+		}
+	} else if val := strings.TrimSpace(v.GetString("output")); val != "" {
+		outputPath = val
+	}
+
 	skipChanged := cmd.Flags().Changed("skip-permissions") || cmd.Flags().Changed("dangerously-skip-permissions")
 	skipPermissions := false
 	if skipChanged {
@@ -525,6 +549,11 @@ func runParallelMode(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, opts *cliOptions, v *vip
 		results[i].KeyOutput = extractKeyOutputFromLines(lines, 150)
 	}
 
+	if err := writeStructuredOutput(outputPath, results); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
 	fmt.Println(generateFinalOutputWithMode(results, !fullOutput))
 
 	exitCode := 0
@@ -688,16 +717,25 @@ func runSingleMode(cfg *Config, name string) int {
 
 	result := runTaskFn(taskSpec, false, cfg.Timeout)
 
-	if result.ExitCode != 0 {
+	exitCode := result.ExitCode
-		return result.ExitCode
+	if exitCode == 0 && strings.TrimSpace(result.Message) == "" {
+		errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("no output message: backend=%s returned empty result.Message with exit_code=0", cfg.Backend)
+		logError(errMsg)
+		exitCode = 1
+		if strings.TrimSpace(result.Error) == "" {
+			result.Error = errMsg
+		}
 	}
 
-	// Validate that we got a meaningful output message
+	if err := writeStructuredOutput(cfg.OutputPath, []TaskResult{result}); err != nil {
-	if strings.TrimSpace(result.Message) == "" {
+		logError(err.Error())
-		logError(fmt.Sprintf("no output message: backend=%s returned empty result.Message with exit_code=0", cfg.Backend))
 		return 1
 	}
 
+	if exitCode != 0 {
+		return exitCode
+	}
+
 	fmt.Println(result.Message)
 	if result.SessionID != "" {
 		fmt.Printf("\n---\nSESSION_ID: %s\n", result.SessionID)

codeagent-wrapper/internal/app/main_test.go

@@ -1455,6 +1455,60 @@ func TestBackendParseArgs_PromptFileOverridesAgent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBackendParseArgs_OutputFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		args    []string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "output flag",
+			args: []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output", "/tmp/out.json", "task"},
+			want: "/tmp/out.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "output equals syntax",
+			args: []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output=/tmp/out.json", "task"},
+			want: "/tmp/out.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "output trimmed",
+			args: []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output", "  /tmp/out.json  ", "task"},
+			want: "/tmp/out.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "output missing value",
+			args:    []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "output equals missing value",
+			args:    []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output=", "task"},
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			os.Args = tt.args
+			cfg, err := parseArgs()
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error, got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if cfg.OutputPath != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("OutputPath = %q, want %q", cfg.OutputPath, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBackendParseArgs_SkipPermissions(t *testing.T) {
 	const envKey = "CODEAGENT_SKIP_PERMISSIONS"
 	t.Setenv(envKey, "true")
@@ -3751,6 +3805,245 @@ noop`)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRunSingleWithOutputFile(t *testing.T) {
+	defer resetTestHooks()
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "single-output.json")
+
+	oldArgs := os.Args
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Args = oldArgs })
+	os.Args = []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output", outputPath, "task"}
+
+	stdinReader = strings.NewReader("")
+	isTerminalFn = func() bool { return true }
+
+	origRunTaskFn := runTaskFn
+	runTaskFn = func(taskSpec TaskSpec, silent bool, timeoutSec int) TaskResult {
+		return TaskResult{
+			TaskID:    "single-task",
+			ExitCode:  0,
+			Message:   "single-result",
+			SessionID: "sid-single",
+		}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { runTaskFn = origRunTaskFn })
+
+	if code := run(); code != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("run exit = %d, want 0", code)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 || data[len(data)-1] != '\n' {
+		t.Fatalf("output file should end with newline, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+
+	var payload struct {
+		Results []TaskResult `json:"results"`
+		Summary struct {
+			Total   int `json:"total"`
+			Success int `json:"success"`
+			Failed  int `json:"failed"`
+		} `json:"summary"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal output json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if payload.Summary.Total != 1 || payload.Summary.Success != 1 || payload.Summary.Failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected summary: %+v", payload.Summary)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("results length = %d, want 1", len(payload.Results))
+	}
+	if payload.Results[0].Message != "single-result" {
+		t.Fatalf("result message = %q, want %q", payload.Results[0].Message, "single-result")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSingleWithOutputFileOnFailureExitCode(t *testing.T) {
+	defer resetTestHooks()
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "single-output-failed.json")
+
+	oldArgs := os.Args
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Args = oldArgs })
+	os.Args = []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output", outputPath, "task"}
+
+	stdinReader = strings.NewReader("")
+	isTerminalFn = func() bool { return true }
+
+	origRunTaskFn := runTaskFn
+	runTaskFn = func(taskSpec TaskSpec, silent bool, timeoutSec int) TaskResult {
+		return TaskResult{
+			TaskID:   "single-task",
+			ExitCode: 7,
+			Message:  "failed-result",
+			Error:    "backend error",
+		}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { runTaskFn = origRunTaskFn })
+
+	if code := run(); code != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("run exit = %d, want 7", code)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 || data[len(data)-1] != '\n' {
+		t.Fatalf("output file should end with newline, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+
+	var payload struct {
+		Results []TaskResult `json:"results"`
+		Summary struct {
+			Total   int `json:"total"`
+			Success int `json:"success"`
+			Failed  int `json:"failed"`
+		} `json:"summary"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal output json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if payload.Summary.Total != 1 || payload.Summary.Success != 0 || payload.Summary.Failed != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected summary: %+v", payload.Summary)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("results length = %d, want 1", len(payload.Results))
+	}
+	if payload.Results[0].ExitCode != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("result exit_code = %d, want 7", payload.Results[0].ExitCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSingleWithOutputFileOnEmptyMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	defer resetTestHooks()
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "single-output-empty.json")
+
+	oldArgs := os.Args
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Args = oldArgs })
+	os.Args = []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--output", outputPath, "task"}
+
+	stdinReader = strings.NewReader("")
+	isTerminalFn = func() bool { return true }
+
+	origRunTaskFn := runTaskFn
+	runTaskFn = func(taskSpec TaskSpec, silent bool, timeoutSec int) TaskResult {
+		return TaskResult{
+			TaskID:   "single-task",
+			ExitCode: 0,
+		}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { runTaskFn = origRunTaskFn })
+
+	if code := run(); code != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("run exit = %d, want 1", code)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 || data[len(data)-1] != '\n' {
+		t.Fatalf("output file should end with newline, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+
+	var payload struct {
+		Results []TaskResult `json:"results"`
+		Summary struct {
+			Total   int `json:"total"`
+			Success int `json:"success"`
+			Failed  int `json:"failed"`
+		} `json:"summary"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal output json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if payload.Summary.Total != 1 || payload.Summary.Success != 0 || payload.Summary.Failed != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected summary: %+v", payload.Summary)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("results length = %d, want 1", len(payload.Results))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(payload.Results[0].Error, "no output message:") {
+		t.Fatalf("result error = %q, want no output message", payload.Results[0].Error)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunParallelWithOutputFile(t *testing.T) {
+	defer resetTestHooks()
+	cleanupLogsFn = func() (CleanupStats, error) { return CleanupStats{}, nil }
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	outputPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "parallel-output.json")
+
+	oldArgs := os.Args
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Args = oldArgs })
+	os.Args = []string{"codeagent-wrapper", "--parallel", "--output", outputPath}
+
+	stdinReader = strings.NewReader(`---TASK---
+id: T1
+---CONTENT---
+noop`)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { stdinReader = os.Stdin })
+
+	origRunCodexTaskFn := runCodexTaskFn
+	runCodexTaskFn = func(task TaskSpec, timeout int) TaskResult {
+		return TaskResult{TaskID: task.ID, ExitCode: 0, Message: "parallel output marker"}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { runCodexTaskFn = origRunCodexTaskFn })
+
+	out := captureOutput(t, func() {
+		if code := run(); code != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("run exit = %d, want 0", code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "=== Execution Report ===") {
+		t.Fatalf("stdout should keep summary format, got %q", out)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(outputPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read output file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) == 0 || data[len(data)-1] != '\n' {
+		t.Fatalf("output file should end with newline, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+
+	var payload struct {
+		Results []TaskResult `json:"results"`
+		Summary struct {
+			Total   int `json:"total"`
+			Success int `json:"success"`
+			Failed  int `json:"failed"`
+		} `json:"summary"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &payload); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal output json: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if payload.Summary.Total != 1 || payload.Summary.Success != 1 || payload.Summary.Failed != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected summary: %+v", payload.Summary)
+	}
+	if len(payload.Results) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("results length = %d, want 1", len(payload.Results))
+	}
+	if payload.Results[0].TaskID != "T1" {
+		t.Fatalf("result task_id = %q, want %q", payload.Results[0].TaskID, "T1")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestParallelInvalidBackend(t *testing.T) {
 	defer resetTestHooks()
 	cleanupLogsFn = func() (CleanupStats, error) { return CleanupStats{}, nil }

codeagent-wrapper/internal/app/output_file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package wrapper
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/goccy/go-json"
+)
+
+type outputSummary struct {
+	Total   int `json:"total"`
+	Success int `json:"success"`
+	Failed  int `json:"failed"`
+}
+
+type outputPayload struct {
+	Results []TaskResult  `json:"results"`
+	Summary outputSummary `json:"summary"`
+}
+
+func writeStructuredOutput(path string, results []TaskResult) error {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cleanPath := filepath.Clean(path)
+	dir := filepath.Dir(cleanPath)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output directory for %q: %w", cleanPath, err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(cleanPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create output file %q: %w", cleanPath, err)
+	}
+
+	encodeErr := json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(outputPayload{
+		Results: results,
+		Summary: summarizeResults(results),
+	})
+	closeErr := f.Close()
+
+	if encodeErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write structured output to %q: %w", cleanPath, encodeErr)
+	}
+	if closeErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to close output file %q: %w", cleanPath, closeErr)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func summarizeResults(results []TaskResult) outputSummary {
+	summary := outputSummary{Total: len(results)}
+	for _, res := range results {
+		if res.ExitCode == 0 && res.Error == "" {
+			summary.Success++
+		} else {
+			summary.Failed++
+		}
+	}
+	return summary
+}

codeagent-wrapper/internal/config/config.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Task               string
 	SessionID          string
 	WorkDir            string
+	OutputPath         string
 	Model              string
 	ReasoningEffort    string
 	ExplicitStdin      bool