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148 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
3.4 KiB
Markdown
## CSS Demo
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### CSS Properties
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Now that we've gone over adding HTML tags to the page, lets cover adding styles to those tags. We can do quite a lot with styles! We can change:
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- Typography
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- Colors
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- Appearance (Corners, Borders, Decorations)
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- Layout
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- Position
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- Inline vs Block
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- Animations
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- and [many more](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Reference)
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CSS is always applied in `property: value` pairs, like `background: blue;` and are terminated with a semi colon.
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### Applying CSS to an HTML file
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CSS can be applied to HTML tags in three different ways.
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1. Inline - Styles are applied directly to the HTML tag
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- `<div style="background: blue; color: white;">Hello </div>`
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2. Via a `<style>` tag in the HTML page
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3. Through an externally loaded CSS file
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- `<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css-demo-finished.css" />`
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### Targeting specific HTML tags
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Inline styles are always applied directly to the element you place them on, style tags and external CSS files need a method for matching HTML elements with their prospective style sets. We call these "[CSS selectors](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Selectors)", and they are just as important to learn as the properties/values themselves. When selectors are combined with CSS styles, we call this a ruleset.
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CSS rulesets take on the following form:
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```css
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selector1,
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selector2 {
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property1: value1;
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property2: value2;
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}
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```
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Here's a more detailed view from [Chris Eppstein](https://twitter.com/chriseppstein/status/1100115119437111296)
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<img src="../../assets/css-syntax.png"/>
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Selectors can be a single tag, class, ID, or attribute. It can also be a [combination](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Introduction_to_CSS/Combinators_and_multiple_selectors) of those elements.
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Below are a series of selectors and property/value combinations that we'll apply to our CSS Demo page
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```css
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/* Targeting the entire page */
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body {
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font: 1.2em sans-serif;
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}
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/* Targeting an HTML tag */
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h1 {
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/* Color name */
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color: black;
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/* 6 digit hex */
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background: #ababab;
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/* Margin: property for each side */
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margin-bottom: 15px;
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margin-top: 15px;
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/* Shorthand: Padding applies to all sides */
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padding: 10px;
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/* 3 digit hex and border shorthand */
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border: 1px solid #ddd;
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}
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/* Overriding inherited styles */
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span {
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color: #004578;
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}
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/* Targeting a class name */
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.tiles {
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display: flex;
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}
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/* Decendant selector */
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.tiles img {
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width: 100%;
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}
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/* Direct decendant selector */
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.tiles > div {
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/* rgb colors */
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background: rgb(10, 10, 10);
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color: white;
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flex-basis: 100%;
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/* Longhand goes clockwise from top
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10px - all
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10px 20px - top/bottom left/right
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10px 20px 15px - top left/right bottom
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*/
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padding: 10px 20px 15px;
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margin: 10px 20px 10px 0;
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border: 1px solid white;
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}
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/* Qualified selector */
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div.links {
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background: #004578;
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}
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/* Style inheritance only works for unstyled elements */
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a {
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color: white;
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}
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/* Pseudo hover selector */
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a:hover {
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color: #ccc;
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}
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/* Sibling selectors */
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a ~ a {
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/* Changing elements from inline to block */
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display: block;
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}
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/* Positional Pseudo Selectors */
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.tiles > div:last-child {
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/* overrides margin-right but leaves other margins alone */
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margin-right: 0;
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}
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/* ID selector */
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#contact-form {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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}
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/* Attribute selector */
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input[type='submit'] {
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margin-top: 10px;
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}
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```
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## Next Step
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[JavaScript Demo](../js-demo)
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