245 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
245 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
|
||
|
||
因收到Google相关通知,网站将会择期关闭。相关通知内容
|
||
|
||
|
||
05 索引:索引管理详解
|
||
索引管理的引入
|
||
|
||
我们在前文中增加文档时,如下的语句会动态创建一个customer的index:
|
||
|
||
PUT /customer/_doc/1
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "John Doe"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
而这个index实际上已经自动创建了它里面的字段(name)的类型。我们不妨看下它自动创建的mapping:
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"mappings": {
|
||
"_doc": {
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"type": "text",
|
||
"fields": {
|
||
"keyword": {
|
||
"type": "keyword",
|
||
"ignore_above": 256
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
那么如果我们需要对这个建立索引的过程做更多的控制:比如想要确保这个索引有数量适中的主分片,并且在我们索引任何数据之前,分析器和映射已经被建立好。那么就会引入两点:第一个禁止自动创建索引,第二个是手动创建索引。
|
||
|
||
|
||
禁止自动创建索引
|
||
|
||
|
||
可以通过在 config/elasticsearch.yml 的每个节点下添加下面的配置:
|
||
|
||
action.auto_create_index: false
|
||
|
||
|
||
手动创建索引就是接下来文章的内容。
|
||
|
||
索引的格式
|
||
|
||
在请求体里面传入设置或类型映射,如下所示:
|
||
|
||
PUT /my_index
|
||
{
|
||
"settings": { ... any settings ... },
|
||
"mappings": {
|
||
"properties": { ... any properties ... }
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
settings: 用来设置分片,副本等配置信息
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
mappings
|
||
字段映射,类型等
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
properties: 由于type在后续版本中会被Deprecated, 所以无需被type嵌套
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
索引管理操作
|
||
|
||
|
||
我们通过kibana的devtool来学习索引的管理操作。
|
||
|
||
|
||
创建索引
|
||
|
||
我们创建一个user 索引test-index-users,其中包含三个属性:name,age, remarks; 存储在一个分片一个副本上。
|
||
|
||
PUT /test-index-users
|
||
{
|
||
"settings": {
|
||
"number_of_shards": 1,
|
||
"number_of_replicas": 1
|
||
},
|
||
"mappings": {
|
||
"properties": {
|
||
"name": {
|
||
"type": "text",
|
||
"fields": {
|
||
"keyword": {
|
||
"type": "keyword",
|
||
"ignore_above": 256
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"age": {
|
||
"type": "long"
|
||
},
|
||
"remarks": {
|
||
"type": "text"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
执行结果
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
插入测试数据
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
查看数据
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
我们再测试下不匹配的数据类型(age):
|
||
|
||
|
||
POST /test-index-users/_doc
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "test user",
|
||
"age": "error_age",
|
||
"remarks": "hello eeee"
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
你可以看到无法类型不匹配的错误:
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
修改索引
|
||
|
||
查看刚才的索引,curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v' | grep users
|
||
|
||
yellow open test-index-users LSaIB57XSC6uVtGQHoPYxQ 1 1 1 0 4.4kb 4.4kb
|
||
|
||
|
||
我们注意到刚创建的索引的状态是yellow的,因为我测试的环境是单点环境,无法创建副本,但是在上述number_of_replicas配置中设置了副本数是1; 所以在这个时候我们需要修改索引的配置。
|
||
|
||
修改副本数量为0
|
||
|
||
PUT /test-index-users/_settings
|
||
{
|
||
"settings": {
|
||
"number_of_replicas": 0
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
再次查看状态:
|
||
|
||
green open test-index-users LSaIB57XSC6uVtGQHoPYxQ 1 1 1 0 4.4kb 4.4kb
|
||
|
||
|
||
打开/关闭索引
|
||
|
||
|
||
关闭索引
|
||
|
||
|
||
一旦索引被关闭,那么这个索引只能显示元数据信息,不能够进行读写操作。
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
当关闭以后,再插入数据时:
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
打开索引
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
打开后又可以重新写数据了
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
删除索引
|
||
|
||
最后我们将创建的test-index-users删除。
|
||
|
||
DELETE /test-index-users
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
查看索引
|
||
|
||
由于test-index-users被删除,所以我们看下之前bank的索引的信息
|
||
|
||
|
||
mapping
|
||
|
||
|
||
GET /bank/_mapping
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
settings
|
||
|
||
|
||
GET /bank/_settings
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Kibana管理索引
|
||
|
||
在Kibana如下路径,我们可以查看和管理索引
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
参考文章
|
||
|
||
https://www.elastic.co/guide/cn/elasticsearch/guide/current/_creating_an_index.html
|
||
|
||
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping.html
|
||
|
||
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/removal-of-types.html
|
||
|
||
https://www.cnblogs.com/quanxiaoha/p/11515057.html
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|